gte-large

通用文本嵌入模型（General Text Embeddings, GTE）。面向多阶段对比学习的通用文本嵌入

GTE 模型由阿里巴巴达摩院训练。基于 BERT 框架构建，目前提供三种不同规模的模型：GTE-large、GTE-base 和 GTE-small。GTE 模型基于大规模相关性文本对进行训练，涵盖广泛的领域和场景。这使得 GTE 模型可以应用于各种文本嵌入下游任务，包括信息检索、语义文本相似度、文本重排序等。

性能指标

我们将 GTE 模型与其他流行的文本嵌入模型在 MTEB 基准上进行了性能对比。更详细的对比结果请参阅 MTEB 排行榜。

使用方法

代码示例

import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import Tensor
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel

def average_pool(last_hidden_states: Tensor,
                 attention_mask: Tensor) -> Tensor:
    last_hidden = last_hidden_states.masked_fill(~attention_mask[..., None].bool(), 0.0)
    return last_hidden.sum(dim=1) / attention_mask.sum(dim=1)[..., None]

input_texts = [
    "what is the capital of China?",
    "how to implement quick sort in python?",
    "Beijing",
    "sorting algorithms"
]

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("thenlper/gte-large")
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("thenlper/gte-large")

# Tokenize the input texts
batch_dict = tokenizer(input_texts, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

outputs = model(**batch_dict)
embeddings = average_pool(outputs.last_hidden_state, batch_dict['attention_mask'])

# (Optionally) normalize embeddings
embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1)
scores = (embeddings[:1] @ embeddings[1:].T) * 100
print(scores.tolist())

配合 sentence-transformers 使用：

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
from sentence_transformers.util import cos_sim

sentences = ['That is a happy person', 'That is a very happy person']

model = SentenceTransformer('thenlper/gte-large')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(cos_sim(embeddings[0], embeddings[1]))

局限性

该模型仅适用于英文文本，任何超过 512 个 token 的长文本将被截断。

引用

如果您发现我们的论文或模型有所帮助，请考虑按以下方式引用：

@article{li2023towards,
  title={Towards general text embeddings with multi-stage contrastive learning},
  author={Li, Zehan and Zhang, Xin and Zhang, Yanzhao and Long, Dingkun and Xie, Pengjun and Zhang, Meishan},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.03281},
  year={2023}
}